How to handle environment variables in Vue.js with Laravel



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Handling environment variables in a Vue.js project that is integrated with Laravel involves a combination of server-side and client-side configuration. Laravel manages server-side environment variables, while Vue.js handles client-side configurations. Here's a step-by-step guide:

1. Set up Laravel Environment Variables:

Laravel uses a file named .env in the root of your Laravel project to manage environment variables. You can define your environment variables there. For example:

env
APP_NAME=Laravel
APP_ENV=local
APP_KEY=base64:your_key_here
APP_DEBUG=true
APP_URL=http://localhost

...

MIX_APP_URL="${APP_URL}"

Note the MIX_ prefix used here. This is because Laravel Mix (which Laravel uses for asset compilation) reads variables with this prefix and makes them available to your frontend code.

2. Use Environment Variables in Laravel Mix (webpack.mix.js):

Edit your webpack.mix.js file to use the Laravel environment variables in your frontend assets. For example:

javascript
mix.js('resources/js/app.js', 'public/js')
   .sass('resources/sass/app.scss', 'public/css')
   .webpackConfig({
       plugins: [
           new webpack.DefinePlugin({
               'process.env.MIX_APP_URL': JSON.stringify(process.env.MIX_APP_URL),
           }),
       ],
   });

Now, you can use process.env.MIX_APP_URL in your Vue.js components.

3. Access Environment Variables in Vue.js Components:

In your Vue components, you can access the environment variables using process.env. For example, if you want to use the MIX_APP_URL variable:

javascript
// MyComponent.vue
export default {
    created() {
        console.log(process.env.MIX_APP_URL);
    }
};

4. Use Environment Variables in Vue Config (vue.config.js):

If you need to use environment variables in your Vue.config.js file, you can use the DefinePlugin from Webpack. Modify your vue.config.js file like this:

javascript
const webpack = require('webpack');

module.exports = {
  configureWebpack: {
    plugins: [
      new webpack.DefinePlugin({
        'process.env.MIX_APP_URL': JSON.stringify(process.env.MIX_APP_URL),
      }),
    ],
  },
};

This allows you to access process.env.MIX_APP_URL directly in your Vue config.

5. Building Your Assets:

Remember to recompile your assets whenever you make changes to your environment variables or Vue.js code. You can use the following commands:

bash
# Development
npm run dev

# Production
npm run production

These commands compile your assets using Laravel Mix.

By following these steps, you can effectively manage environment variables in both Laravel and Vue.js, ensuring a smooth integration between the server-side and client-side aspects of your application.

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