How to create a Django middleware



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Creating a Django middleware involves defining a class that implements the middleware behavior and then configuring your Django project to use it. Middleware is a way to process requests globally before they reach the view or after the view has processed the request. Here are the steps to create a simple Django middleware:

  1. Create a new Python file for your middleware:

    In your Django app, create a new Python file for your middleware. For example, you can create a file named custom_middleware.py.

  2. Define your middleware class:

    In the custom_middleware.py file, define your middleware class. Your middleware class should have at least one of the following methods:

    • process_request(self, request): This method is called on each request before Django decides which view to execute.
    • process_view(self, request, view_func, view_args, view_kwargs): This method is called just before Django calls the view.
    • process_template_response(self, request, response): This method is called just after the view has finished executing, if the response has a render() method (indicating it's a TemplateResponse).

    Here is an example middleware class that prints a message for each request:

    python
    class CustomMiddleware:
    def __init__(self, get_response):
        self.get_response = get_response

    def process_request(self, request):
        print("Custom Middleware - Processing Request")

    def __call__(self, request):
        response = self.get_response(request)
        return response

  3. Configure your middleware in settings.py:

    Open your Django project's settings.py file and locate the MIDDLEWARE setting. Add the full import path to your middleware class to the list. The order of middleware classes matters, as they are executed in the order they are defined.

    python
    MIDDLEWARE = [
    # ...
    'your_app_name.custom_middleware.CustomMiddleware',
    # ...
]

    Replace 'your_app_name' with the actual name of your Django app.

  4. Test your middleware:

    Run your Django development server and observe the console output to verify that your middleware is being executed.

    bash
    python manage.py runserver

    Open your browser and visit your Django application. You should see the print statement from your middleware in the console.

That's it! You've created a simple Django middleware. Depending on your use case, you can customize the middleware to perform various tasks before or after each request.

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